Notes

for the six months ended 31 December 2022

1. Business combination

On 15 September 2022, through GOZ, the Group acquired 100% of the shares in Fortius Funds Management (Pty) Limited (Fortius). The acquisition involved a R530.2m (AUD45.0m) initial purchase price and a subsequent R95.4m (AUD8.1m) net assets adjustment, paid in cash and funded from GOZ’s existing debt facilities.

Fortius is one of Australia’s leading privately-owned real estate funds management businesses with an established track record of investing in Australian real estate markets and generating strong returns for its investors. The establishment of a funds management business had been a key priority for GOZ and this acquisition added R22.0bn (AUD1.9bn) of funds under management (FUM) to GOZ’s business.

As part of the purchase agreement, GOZ agreed to pay the selling shareholders any performance fees earned from existing funds during their current terms, net of any income tax. This earn-out component has been classified as variable consideration and forms part of the total purchase consideration. The acquisition date fair value of these fees was estimated at R48.3m (AUD4.1m).

As part of the purchase agreement, GOZ agreed to pay the selling shareholders an additional earn-out component of up to R116.0m (AUD10.0m), payable based on agreed milestones relating to FUM and funds management revenue growth targets being met over the period to 30 June 2024. This earn-out component has been classified as compensation for post-combination services and does not form part of the total purchase consideration.

Fortius contributed revenue of R32.5m (AUD2.8m) and net profit of R2.3m (AUD0.2m) to the Group for the period 15 September 2022 to 31 December 2022. If the acquisition had occurred on 1 July 2022, Fortuis would have contributed revenue of R53.4m (AUD 4.6m) and a net loss of R7.0m (AUD0.6m) to the Group for the period ended 31 December 2022.

GOZ incurred acquisition-related costs of R34.8m (AUD3.0m) relating to external legal fees and due diligence costs. R23.2m (AUD2.0m) of these costs have been incurred in the first half of the year and is included in “Other administrative and operating overheads” in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. The remaining R11.6m (AUD1.0m) was incurred in FY22.

Goodwill

The following table summarises the acquisition date provisional fair value of each component of purchase consideration as well as the provisional fair value of net assets acquired at the date of acquisition, the net of which represents the goodwill arising.

  Unaudited
15 September
2022
AUDm
Unaudited
15 September
2022
Rm
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (15.8) (186.3)
Cash and cash equivalents* (3.4) (40.1)
Unlisted investments (3.3) (38.9)
Trade and other receivables (2.9) (34.2)
Intangible assets (management rights) (10.3) (121.4)
Right-of-use assets (0.6) (7.1)
Equipment (0.1) (1.2)
Current taxation receivable (0.3) (3.5)
Lease liability 0.8 9.4
Deferred tax liability 2.9 34.2
Trade and other payables 1.4 16.5
Total purchase consideration 57.5 677.4
Cash – Initial purchase price* 45.0 530.2
Cash – Net asset adjustment* 8.1 95.4
Variable consideration – performance fee earn-out 4.1 48.3
Other consideration payable 0.3 3.5
Goodwill 41.7 491.1
* The net cash acquired in the business combination of R585.5m (AUD49.7m) is the sum of the initial purchase price of R530.2m (AUD45.0m) and the net asset adjustment of R95.4m (AUD8.1m), less the cash and cash equivalents acquired of R40.1m (AUD3.4m).

A critical judgement was the classification of future variable components included in the purchase agreement as either variable purchase consideration or compensation for post-combination services. Components that are contingent upon ongoing employee service conditions being fulfilled have been classified as compensation for post-combination services and do not form part of the total purchase consideration. Components that are not contingent upon ongoing employee service conditions being fulfilled have been classified as variable consideration and are included as part of the total purchase consideration.

The following critical judgements and estimates were made by the Group in assessing the fair value of the variable consideration:

Business combination variable consideration

Performance fee earn-out liabilities under the purchase agreement are classified as variable consideration in the Fortius business combination. It has been designated on initial recognition to be treated at fair value through profit or loss. Movements in fair value during the period have been recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. Fair value is based on market values, being the estimated amount for which the instrument could be exchanged on the date of the transaction between market participants in an orderly transaction after proper marketing. The fair value of the business combination variable consideration is classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based on the significant unobservable inputs into the valuation techniques used.

2. Basic and headline earnings per share

2.1 Summary of earnings per share (EPS), headline earnings per share (HEPS) and distributable income per share (DIPS)

  Earnings attributable     Weighted average number of shares     Cents per share
  Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Rm
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Rm
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Rm
    Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
    Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Total operations                          
EPS Basic
1 866 3 650 7 937     3 409 588 747 3 403 805 472 3 405 871 086     54.73 107.23 233.04
EPS Diluted
1 866 3 650 7 937     3 429 736 493 3 416 302 921 3 419 088 046     54.41 106.84 232.14
HEPS Basic
2 932 1 925 7 191     3 409 588 747 3 403 805 472 3 405 871 086     85.99 56.57 211.14
HEPS Diluted
2 932 1 925 7 191     3 429 736 493 3 416 302 921 3 419 088 046     85.49 56.36 210.32
                           
  Earnings attributable     Actual number of shares     Cents per share
  Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Rm
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Rm
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Rm
    Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
    Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
DIPS reconciliation 2 662 2 623 5 307     3 411 622 222 3 406 439 781 3 407 663 028     77.9 76.9 155.6

2.2 Reconciliation between basic earnings, diluted earnings and headline earnings

  SOCI#     Total gross and net
  Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Rm
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Rm
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Rm
    Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Rm
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Rm
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Rm
Profit for the period           1 866 3 650 7 937
Fair value adjustments on investment property           1 066 (1 725) (746)
   Net investment property valuation (1 286)* 4 213* 6 262*     1 562 (2 745) (1 857)
   Fair value adjustments: equity-accounted investments (316)* (420)* (479)*     500 (46) (13)
   NCI portion of fair value adjustments (1 286)* 4 213* 6 262*     (996) 1 066 1 124
Headline basic and diluted earnings           2 932 1 925 7 191
# Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
* The fair value adjustment on investment property and NCI portions is included in the “Fair value adjustment, capital items and other charges” line item on the face of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, which total (R1 286m) for HY23 (HY22: (R4 213m); FY22: R6 262m). The fair value adjustments for equity-accounted investments are included in the “Non-distributable income” line item on the face of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, which totals (R316m) for HY23 (HY22: (R420m); FY22: (R479m)).

2.3 Reconciliation of weighted average number of shares

  Weighted number of shares
  Unaudited
six months
31 December
2022
Reviewed
six months
31 December
2021
Audited
12 months
30 June
2022
Weighted average number of shares 3 409 588 747 3 403 805 472 3 405 871 086
   Number of shares as at 1 July 3 430 787 066 3 430 787 066 3 430 787 066
   Effect of treasury shares held (21 198 319) (26 981 594) (24 915 980)
Dilutive effect of share options granted to employees 20 147 746 12 497 449 13 216 960
Diluted average number of shares 3 429 736 493 3 416 302 921 3 419 088 046

3. Classification of financial assets and liabilities

  Designated
as fair value
through
profit or loss
Rm
Fair value
through
profit or loss
Rm
Financial
assets at
amortised
cost
Rm
Outside
scope of
IFRS 9
Rm
Total
Rm
Assets          
Unaudited          
31 December 2022          
Cash and cash equivalents 3 354 3 354
Trade and other receivables 1 397 336 1 733
Derivative assets 2 563 2 563
Listed investments 1 654 1 654
Long-term loans granted 3 334 3 334
Unlisted investments 1 393 1 393
Reviewed          
31 December 2021          
Cash and cash equivalents 2 232 2 232
Trade and other receivables 1 915 316 2 231
Assets classified as held for sale 732 2 461 3 193
Derivative assets 1 177 1 177
Listed investments 1 992 1 992
Long-term loans granted 3 105 3 105
Unlisted investments 915 915
Audited          
30 June 2022          
Cash and cash equivalents 2 841 2 841
Trade and other receivables 2 114 207 2 321
Derivative assets 2 492 2 492
Listed investments 1 489 1 489
Long-term loans granted 3 313 3 313
Unlisted investments 921 921
Liabilities          
Unaudited          
31 December 2022          
Trade payables 3 272 224 3 496
Derivative liabilities 798 798
Business combination variable consideration 50 50
Interest-bearing borrowings 65 782 65 782
Lease liability 1 907 1 907
Reviewed          
31 December 2021          
Trade payables 3 092 370 3 462
Derivative liabilities 2 026 2 026
Liabilities associated with assets classified as held for sale 2 546 1 020 3 566
Interest-bearing borrowings 62 996 62 996
Lease liability 1 977 1 977
Audited          
30 June 2022          
Trade payables 3 277 264 3 541
Derivative liabilities 817 817
Liabilities associated with assets classified as held for sale 39 39
Interest-bearing borrowings 62 857 62 857
Lease liability 1 826 1 826

4. Fair value estimation

4.1 Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities

The below table includes only those assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value including non-recurring items measured at fair value:

  Unaudited
31 December 2022
    Reviewed
31 December 2021
    Audited
30 June 2022
  Fair
value
Rm
Level 1
Rm
Level 2
Rm
Level 3
Rm
    Fair
value
Rm
Level 1
Rm
Level 2
Rm
Level 3
Rm
    Fair
value
Rm
Level 1
Rm
Level 2
Rm
Level 3
Rm
Assets                                
Recurring fair value measurement                                
Derivative assets 2 563 2 563     1 177 1 177     2 492 2 492
Listed investments 1 654 1 654     1 992 1 992     1 489 1 489
Fair value of investment property assets 136 039 136 039     137 056 137 056     134 712 134 712
Long-term loans granted 3 334 3 334     3 105 3 105     3 313 3 313
Unlisted investments 1 393 1 393     915 915     921 921
Non-recurring fair value measurement                                
Assets classified as held for sale 1 625 1 625     2 461 2 461     866 866
Total assets measured at fair value 146 608 1 654 2 563 142 391     146 706 1 992 1 177 143 537     143 793 1 489 2 492 139 812
Liabilities                                
Recurring fair value measurement                                
Derivative liabilities 798 798     2 026 2 026     817 817
Liabilities associated with assets classified as held for sale     2 546 2 546    
Business combination variable consideration 50 50        
Interest-bearing borrowings 65 782 7 356 58 426     62 996 7 119 55 877     62 857 7 038 55 819
Total liabilities measured at fair value 66 630 7 356 59 224 50     67 568 7 119 60 449     63 674 7 038 56 636

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value reasonably approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature. These include trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other payables.

4.2 Movement in level 3 instruments

  Unaudited
six months 31 December 2022
    Reviewed
six months 31 December 2021
  Invest-
ment
property
Rm
Long-
term
loans
granted
Rm
Unlisted
invest-
ments
Rm
Assets
classified
as held
for sale
Rm
Busi-
ness
combi-
nation
variable
consider-
ation
Rm
    Invest-
ment
property
Rm
Long-
term
loans
granted
Rm
Unlisted
invest-
ments
Rm
Assets
classified
as held
for sale
Rm
Opening balance 134 712 3 313 921 866     128 061 2 534 808 181
Gain/(loss) from fair value adjustments and translation of foreign operations 478 (128) (90) 15 1     7 795 447 107
Transfer from investment property to held for sale (1 567) 1 567     (2 461) 2 461
Transfer from tenant incentives to held for sale (58) 58    
Depreciation and amortisation (237)     (126)
Accrued interest 144     107
Acquisition through Fortius business combination 48    
Business combination variable consideration – as part of Fortius acquisition (51)    
Acquisitions 3 341 514 1     4 408
GSAH acquisitions    
Reclassified from long-term loans granted to unlisted investments       –
Tenant incentives 149     233   –
Adjustment to right-of-use assets 41       –
Disposals (782) (882)     (836)   – (181)
Deconsolidation of C&R Luton       –
Transfer to investment property held for trading and development (38)     (18)   –
Advancements 5       22
Settlements       (5)
Closing balance 136 039 3 334 1 393 1 625 (50)     137 056   3 105 915 2 461
  Audited
12 months 30 June 2022
  Property
assets
Rm
Long-
term
loans
granted
Rm
Unlisted
invest-
ments
Rm
Assets
classified
as held
for sale
Rm
Opening balance 128 061 2 534 808 181
Gain/(loss) from fair value adjustments and translation of foreign operations 4 652 587 77 (2)
Transfer from investment property to held for sale (866) 866
Transfer from tenant incentives to held for sale
Depreciation and amortisation (387)
Accrued interest 238
Acquisition through Fortius business combination
Business combination variable consideration – as part of Fortius acquisition
Acquisitions 4 990 11 3
GSAH acquisitions 2 060
Reclassified from long-term loans granted to unlisted investments   (42) 42
Tenant incentives   –
Adjustment to right-of-use assets (26)   –
Disposals (1 773)   – (17) (182)
Deconsolidation of C&R Luton (1 981)   –
Transfer to investment property held for trading and development (18)   –
Advancements    3
Settlements   (7)
Closing balance 134 712   3 313 921 866

4.3 Valuation process

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The Group has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the Group Financial Director.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third-party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of IFRS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Group’s Audit Committee.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

  • Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
  • Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
  • Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

There were no changes in valuation techniques, nor were there any transfers between level 1, level 2 and level 3 during the period.

4.4 Valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs

Level 2 instruments

Interest-bearing borrowings

Description   Valuation technique   Significant unobservable inputs
Interest-bearing borrowings   Valued by discounting future cash flows using the applicable swap curve plus a credit margin of between 1.0% and 2.2% for SA, 2.1% and 2.2% for GOZ, and 5% and 6.1% for C&R at the dates when the cash flow will take place (FY22: 1.0% to 2.0% across all sectors).   Not applicable

The estimated fair value would increase/(decrease) if the credit margin were lower/(higher).

Derivative instruments

Description   Valuation technique and inputs used   Significant unobservable inputs
Forward exchange contracts   Valued by discounting the forward rates applied at the reporting date to the open hedged positions using the swap curve of the respective currencies.   Not applicable
Interest-rate swaps   Valued by discounting the future cash flows using the basis swap curve of the respective currencies at the dates when the cash flows will take place.   Not applicable
Cross-currency interest-rate swaps   Valued by discounting the future cash flows using the basis swap curve of the respective currencies at the dates when the cash flows will take place.   Not applicable

Level 3 instruments

Investment property

In terms of the Group’s policy, at least 75% of the fair value of investment properties should be determined by an external, independent valuer, who has appropriately recognised professional qualifications and recent experience in the location and category of the property being valued.

8.7% of the SA portfolio was externally valued at HY23. The balance of the South African portfolio was valued by Growthpoint’s qualified internal valuers.

The majority of the SA properties were valued at HY23 using the discounted cash flow (DCF) of future income streams method by internal valuers and the following valuer who is registered in terms of section 19 of the Property Valuers Professional Act, No 7 of 2000:

Company   Valuer   Qualification of the valuer
Real Insights (Pty) Limited   TLJ Behrens   NDip (Real Estate in Prop Val), professional associate valuer

The Australian properties were valued at HY23 using the discounted cash flow of future income streams method by Acumentis Brisbane (Pty) Limited, CBRE Valuations (Pty) Limited, JLL Advisory Services (Pty) Limited, Knight Frank LLP, M3 Property Australia (Pty) Limited, Savills Valuation (Pty) Limited, Urbis Valuation (Pty) Limited, CIVAS (Pty) Limited and Black Box (Pty) Limited that are all members of the Australian Property Institute and certified practising valuers.

The United Kingdom properties were valued at HY23 by independent qualified professional valuers from CBRE Limited and Knight Frank LLP in accordance with RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors) standards.

At the reporting date, the key assumptions and unobservable inputs used by the Group in determining fair value were in the following ranges for the Group’s portfolio of properties:

        Significant unobservable inputs and range of estimates used
Description Valuation
technique
Fair value
Rm
  Discount
rate
%
Exit
capitalisation
rate
%
Capitalisation
rate
%
Rental
growth rate
%
Retail sector   24 736   12.70 7.98 8.26 4.35
    12 269   12.25 – 12.75 7.50 – 8.75 7.50 – 8.75 3.99 – 5.00
    8 753   13.00 – 13.25 8.00 – 9.25 7.75 – 9.00 3.50 – 5.00
    3 714   13.50 – 14.00 8.50 – 10.00 8.00 – 9.75 3.49 – 5.00
Office sector   24 993   12.73 8.48 8.90 3.69
    8 151   11.00 – 12.75 8.50 – 9.75 8.00 – 9.25 2.50 – 4.50
    4 818   13.00 – 13.25 8.25 – 11.00 8.00 – 10.50 2.50 – 5.00
    6 203   13.50 – 13.75 8.50 – 10.00 8.25 – 9.75 2.99 – 5.00
    5 821   14.00 – 14.00 9.25 – 10.50 9.00 – 10.00 2.99 – 4.70
Industrial sector   11 267   12.75 8.72 9.12 3.95
    5 213   12.75 – 13.50 8.75 – 10.50 8.50 – 10.25 3.55 – 5.00
    4 527   13.75 – 14.25 9.25 – 11.25 9.00 – 10.75 4.75 – 5.00
    1 389   14.50 – 15.00 9.75 – 11.50 9.25 – 11.00 4.75 – 5.00
  Discounted
cash flow
model
138   15.25 – 16.00 10.75 – 13.00 10.25 – 12.00 3.50 – 4.70
GHPH sector 3 443   12.09 7.82 8.01 4.02
  2 682   13.50 – 14.50 8.50 – 9.50 8.50 – 9.50 5.00 – 5.00
    761   15.25 – 15.50 10.25 – 10.50 10.25 – 10.75 5.00 – 5.00
GSAH sector   2 087   15.00 – 15.50 10.00 – 10.25 9.75 – 10.00 5.11
GOZ office sector   37 968   6.10 5.68 5.38 3.30
    12 646   5.50 – 5.88 4.63 – 5.50 4.00 – 5.25 2.80 – 3.80
    19 307   6.00 – 6.38 5.25 – 6.63 5.00 – 6.38 2.80 – 3.80
    6 015   6.50 – 6.75 6.25 – 7.00 5.75 – 6.50 2.80 – 3.80
GOZ industrial sector   19 925   5.97 5.63 4.95 3.35
    9 139   5.25 – 5.75 4.25 – 5.87 4.25 – 5.08 2.90 – 3.80
    1 088   5.75 – 5.75 9.97 – 10.11 6.90 – 7.24 2.90 – 3.80
    442   6.00 – 6.00 9.95 – 10.11 7.07 – 7.24 2.90 – 3.80
    5 782   6.00 – 6.25 4.88 – 10.11 4.25 – 7.24 2.90 – 3.80
    3 474   6.25 – 6.75 5.92 – 6.85 5.38 – 6.08 2.90 – 3.80
Total   124 419          
Description Valuation
technique
Fair value
Rm
  Value/m2
range
R
Retail sector   360   5 604.09
    78   1 117.32 – 2 028.72
    282   6 807.85 – 14 572.67
Office sector   896   3 619.98
  Market-
comparable
approach
478   1 536.54 – 4 071.28
  418   25 983.16 – 25 983.16
Industrial sector 938   1 744.15
    563   462.73 – 1 557.60
    96   2 709.93 – 4 509.59
    279   6 540.22 – 9 892.02
GHPH sector   144   12 807.84
GOZ held for sale   1 512   80 117.20
Total   3 850    

 

        Significant unobservable inputs
and range of estimates used
Description Valuation
technique
Fair value
Rm
  Income
capitalisation
rate
%
Exit
capitalisation
rate
%
    6 760   7.31 8.08
  Income
capitalisation
approach
5 872   5.04 – 7.55 7.00 – 7.79
Capital & Regional retail sector 672   11.28 – 11.28 11.49 – 11.49
  216   14.49 – 14.49 17.49 – 17.49
Total   6 760      

Further assumptions are used in the valuation of investment property. The estimated fair value would increase/(decrease) if the expected market rental growth was higher/(lower), expected expense growth was lower/(higher), the vacant periods were shorter/(longer), the occupancy rate was higher/(lower), the rent-free periods were shorter/(longer), the discount rate was lower/(higher) and/or the reversionary capitalisation rate was lower/(higher).

Unlisted investments

Business combination variable consideration

Description Valuation
technique
  Significant
unobservable inputs
Range of
inputs
(probability- weighted
average)
Relationship of
unobservable inputs
to fair value
Lango Real Estate Limited Valued by calculating the Group’s percentage of investment in the fund by the net asset value   Discount rate (%) 13.25% – 16.75%
(14.16% average)
A change in the discount rate by 50 bps would increase/(decrease) the fair value by R168.4m/(R162.8m).
  Exit capitalisation rate (%) 8.75% – 12.0%
(8.86% average)
A change in the exit capitalisation rate by 50 bps would increase/(decrease) the fair value by R155.3m/(R144.2m).
Description Valuation
technique
  Significant
unobservable inputs
Range of
inputs
Relationship of
unobservable inputs
to fair value
V&A Waterfront Valued by discounting
future cash flows using
the SA prime rate curve
at the dates when the
cash flows will take
place
  Counterparty credit risk
impacting the discount rate
Discount rate at prime + 2.0% A change in the discount rate
by 50 bps would increase/
(decrease) the fair value by
R62.1m/(R61.0m).
Acucap Unit Purchase scheme Valued by discounting
future cash flows using
the SA swap curve at
the dates when the
cash flows will take
place, capped at the
Growthpoint share
price at HY23
  Counterparty credit risk
impacting the interest rate
6.55% – 8.36% A change in the interest rate
would not have an impact on
the valuation as the loans were
fair valued to the Growthpoint
share price at HY23. The
Growthpoint shares are held
as security for the loans.

 

          Impact on earn-out
liability fair values
Description Valuation
technique
  Significant
unobservable inputs
Description Increase in
the input
Decrease in
the input
Fortius business combination Valued by discounting
future cash flows using
the appropriate
discount factor at the
dates when the cash
flows will take place
  Current property
valuation
The fund’s current property valuation, used as proxy for the sale price at expected exit date of the fund in the valuation cash flow, has a
significant influence on the performance fee outcome.
Increase Decrease
  Forecast fund
distributions
The forecast cash flow from fund distributions
through to the expected exit date of the fund,
reflecting the net income of the fund, primarily net property income from the underlying property, offset by borrowing costs and any
fund level expenses.
Increase Decrease
  Discount rate The rate of return used to discount cash flows,
payable or receivable in the future, into present
value. The rate is determined with regard
to comparable acquisition fair value assessments. Includes additional risk
premium to allow for volatility in property
valuations and capitalisation rates over
the remainder of each fund’s expected term.
Decrease Increase